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APA Citation

APA Citation

American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is used to avoid plagiarism and give credit to others for their work. APA (7th edition) requires:

  • In-Text Citations for each source when paraphrasing and quoting
  • References page with full citation details for each source used

Consult the Official APA Style Guide

In-Text Citation References Sample Papers

Articles

Article (General Format)

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Date). Article title. Title of Publication, volume number(issue number), pages. DOI URL
In-text: (Author, YYYY)

Journal Article on Website or Database (DOI)

Hayakawa, M. (2013). Possible electromagnetic effects on abnormal animal behavior before an earthquake. Animals, 3(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3010019
In-text: (Hayakawa, 2013)

Journal Article on Website or Database (No DOI)

Madley, S. & Jilek, L. (2012). Attachment style and dissolution of romantic relationships: Breaking up is hard to do, or is it? Individual Differences Research, 10(4), 202-210.
In-text: (Madley & Jilek, 2012)

Newspaper Article on Website or Database

Baig, E. C. (2012, January 20). Apple looks to transform e-textbooks. USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com
In-text: (Baig, 2012)

Books

Book (General Format)

Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Date). Title. Publisher.
In-text: (Author, Year)

Book in Print

Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.
In-text: (Said, 1978)

eBook in a Database

Marshall, C. W., & Kovacs, G. (2011). Classics and comics. Oxford University Press.
In-text: (Marshall & Kovacs, 2011)

Chapter in a Book in Print

Pellerin, R. M., & Sanders, J. (2016). Disability and inequality. In J. Ballantine (Ed.), Our social world, (5th ed., pp. 359-360). Sage.
In-text: (Pellerin & Sanders, 2016)

Chapter in a Book in Database

Hanson, M. (2000). Deep ecology. In L. Code (Ed.), Encyclopedia of feminist theories. Routledge.
In-text: (Hanson, 2000)

Databases

Academic Search Ultimate

Madley, S. & Jilek, L. (2012). Attachment style and dissolution of romantic relationships: Breaking up is hard to do, or is it? Individual Differences Research, 10(4), 202-210.
In-text: (Madley & Jilek, 2012)

ArtSTOR

Gurney, J. (Photographer). (1871). Portrait (front) of Bird Chief in native dress with ornaments [Photograph]. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland.
In-text: (Gurney, 1871)

Britannica: Academic

Black death. (2020). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
In-text: ("Black Death", 2020)

CQ Researcher

Glazer, S. (2006, April 14). Future of feminism. CQ Researcher, 16, 313-336.
In-text: (Glazer, 2006)

eBook Collection

Hanson, M. (2000). Deep ecology. In L. Code (Ed.), Encyclopedia of feminist theories. Routledge.
In-text: (Hanson, 2000)

Films on Demand

Films Media Group. (2012). Lifelong physical activity [Video file].
In-text: (Films Media Group, 2012)

Gale eBooks

Smith, B. L., & Levitt, H. M. (2008). Transgender. In W. A. Darity, Jr. (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 8, pp. 431-432). MacMillan Reference USA.
In-text: (Smith & Levitt, 2008)

JSTOR

Fonjong, L. (2001). Fostering women’s participation in development through non-governmental efforts in Cameroon. The Geographical Journal, 167(3), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4959.00020
In-text: (Fonjong, 2001)

Opposing Viewpoints

Maich, S. (2010). The fight against AIDS could be won with more government money. In N. Harris (Ed.), AIDS in Developing Countries. Greenhaven Press.
In-text: (Maich, 2010)

PsychArticles

Walsh, R. (2001). Positive psychology: East and West. American Psychologist, 61(1), 83-84. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.1.83
In-text: (Walsh, 2001)

Websites

Website (General Format)

Author (Person or Company). (Date-if available). Name of page. Name of site. URL
In-text: (Author, Date)

Page on a Website

Supreme Court of the United States. (n.d.). Justices. https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/justices.aspx
In-text: (Supreme Court, n.d.)

Article on a Website

Rosa-Aquino, P. (2020, August 17). Hubble just captured a lunar eclipse for the first time ever. Popular Science. https://www.popsci.com/story/space/hubble-blood-moon-lunar-eclipse/
In-text: (Rosa-Aquino, 2020)

Entire Website

Do not create references or in-text citations for whole websites.

YouTube

Lustig, R. H. (2009, July 30). Sugar: The bitter truth [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnniua6-oM
In-text: (Lustig, 2009)

Other

Film

Loyd, P. (Director). (2008). Mamma mia! [Film]. Universal Pictures.
In-text: (Loyd, 2008)

Podcast

Koenig, S. (Host). (2014, October 3). The alibi (No. 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In Serial. WBEZ Chicago. https://serialpodcast.org
In-text: (Koenig, 2014)